Source code for thewalrus
# Copyright 2021 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
r"""
The Walrus
==========
.. currentmodule:: thewalrus
This is the top level module of the The Walrus, containing functions for
computing the hafnian, loop hafnian, and torontonian of matrices.
Algorithm terminology
---------------------
Eigenvalue hafnian algorithm
The algorithm described in
*A faster hafnian formula for complex matrices and its benchmarking on a supercomputer*,
:cite:`bjorklund2018faster`.
This algorithm scales like :math:`\mathcal{O}(n^3 2^{n/2})`, and supports calculation of
the loop hafnian.
Recursive hafnian algorithm
The algorithm described in *Counting perfect matchings as fast as Ryser* :cite:`bjorklund2012counting`.
This algorithm scales like :math:`\mathcal{O}(n^4 2^{n/2})`. This algorithm does not
currently support the loop hafnian.
Repeated hafnian algorithm
The algorithm described in *From moments of sum to moments of product*, :cite:`kan2008moments`.
This method is more efficient for matrices with repeated rows and columns, and supports calculation of
the loop hafnian.
Approximate hafnian algorithm
The algorithm described in *Polynomial time algorithms to approximate permanents and mixed discriminants
within a simply exponential factor*, :cite:`barvinok1999polynomial`.
This algorithm allows us to efficiently approximate the hafnian of
matrices with non-negative elements. This is done by sampling determinants;
the larger the number of samples taken, the higher the accuracy.
Batched hafnian algorithm
An algorithm that allows the calculation of hafnians of all reductions of
a given matrix up to the cutoff (resolution) provided. Internally, this algorithm
makes use of the multidimensional Hermite polynomials as per
*The calculation of multidimensional Hermite polynomials and Gram-Charlier coefficients*
:cite:`berkowitz1970calculation`.
Low-rank hafnian algorithm
An algorithm that allows to calculate the hafnian of an :math:`r`-rank matrix :math:`\bm{A}` of size :math:`n \times n`
by factorizing it as :math:`\bm{A} = \bm{G} \bm{G}^T` where :math:`\bm{G}` is of size :math:`n \times r`. The algorithm
is described in Appendix C of
*A faster hafnian formula for complex matrices and its benchmarking on a supercomputer*,
:cite:`bjorklund2018faster`.
Banded hafnian algorithm
An algorithm that calculates the hafnian of a matrix :math:`\bm{A}` of size :math:`n \times n` with bandwidth
:math:`w` by calculating and storing certain subhafnians dictated by the bandwidth. The algorithm
is described in Section V of
*Efficient sampling from shallow Gaussian quantum-optical circuits with local interactions*,
:cite:`qi2020efficient`.
Sparse hafnian algorithm
An algorithm that calculates the hafnian of a sparse matrix by taking advantage of the Laplace expansion and memoization, to store
only the relevant paths that contribute non-zero values to the final calculation.
Functions
---------
.. autosummary::
hafnian
hafnian_repeated
hafnian_batched
tor
ltor
perm
permanent_repeated
brs
ubrs
hermite_multidimensional
hafnian_banded
reduction
version
low_rank_hafnian
Code details
------------
"""
import thewalrus.quantum
import thewalrus.csamples
import thewalrus.decompositions
import thewalrus.fock_gradients
import thewalrus.charpoly
import thewalrus.random
import thewalrus.reference
import thewalrus.samples
import thewalrus.symplectic
from ._hafnian import (
hafnian,
loop_hafnian,
hafnian_repeated,
reduction,
hafnian_sparse,
hafnian_banded,
matched_reps,
)
from ._low_rank_haf import low_rank_hafnian
from ._hermite_multidimensional import (
hafnian_batched,
hermite_multidimensional,
interferometer,
grad_hermite_multidimensional,
)
from ._permanent import perm, permanent_repeated, brs, ubrs
from ._torontonian import (
tor,
ltor,
threshold_detection_prob,
numba_tor,
numba_ltor,
rec_torontonian,
rec_ltorontonian,
)
from ._version import __version__
__all__ = [
"hafnian",
"hafnian_repeated",
"hafnian_batched",
"hafnian_sparse",
"hafnian_banded",
"loop_hafnian",
"matched_reps",
"tor",
"ltor",
"perm",
"permanent_repeated",
"brs",
"ubrs",
"reduction",
"hermite_multidimensional",
"grad_hermite_multidimensional",
"version",
]
[docs]def version():
r"""
Get version number of The Walrus
Returns:
str: The package version number
"""
return __version__
def about():
"""The Walrus information.
Prints the installed version numbers for TW and its dependencies,
and some system info. Please include this information in bug reports.
**Example:**
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> tw.about()
The Walrus: a Python library for for the calculation of hafnians, Hermite polynomials, and Gaussian boson sampling.
Copyright 2018-2020 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
Python version: 3.8.5
Platform info: Linux-5.8.18-1-MANJARO-x86_64-with-arch-Manjaro-Linux
Installation path: /home/username/xanadu/thewalrus/thewalrus
The Walrus version: 0.17.0-dev
Numpy version: 1.19.5
Scipy version: 1.7.1
SymPy version: 1.8
Numba version: 0.53.1
Cython version: 0.29.24
"""
# pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
import os
import platform
import sys
import numpy
import scipy
import sympy
import numba
# a QuTiP-style infobox
print(
"\nThe Walrus: a Python library for for the calculation of hafnians, Hermite polynomials, and Gaussian boson sampling."
)
print("Copyright 2018-2021 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.\n")
print("Python version: {}.{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info[0:3]))
print("Platform info: {}".format(platform.platform()))
print("Installation path: {}".format(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
print("The Walrus version: {}".format(__version__))
print("Numpy version: {}".format(numpy.__version__))
print("Scipy version: {}".format(scipy.__version__))
print("SymPy version: {}".format(sympy.__version__))
print("Numba version: {}".format(numba.__version__))
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